{"id":112412,"date":"2023-07-21T23:05:42","date_gmt":"2023-07-21T19:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/?p=112412"},"modified":"2023-07-21T23:05:42","modified_gmt":"2023-07-21T19:05:42","slug":"%e1%83%90%e1%83%9b-%e1%83%aa%e1%83%98%e1%83%ae%e1%83%94%e1%83%96%e1%83%94-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1%e1%83%95%e1%83%9a%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%94%e1%83%a5%e1%83%95%e1%83%97%e1%83%98%e1%83%9b%e1%83%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/archives\/112412","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;\u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0&#8221; &#8211; \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 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\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7, \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XV \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kvirispalitra.ge\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07-06\/355070084-595575785895923-8147635417833452139-n-1688629023.jpg\" alt=\"355070084-595575785895923-8147635417833452139-n-1688629023.jpg\" width=\"825\" \/><figcaption>\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 Ahmet Keles<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0: 1. \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1; 2. \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1; 3. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1; 4. \u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1; 5. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0, \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc (\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 2003: 50-53), \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u2013 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 2003: 63-65; \u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 1973: 255), \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u2013 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 1973: 74, 110-111), \u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u2013 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8(\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 1897: 22-26, 28), \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u2013 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 2005: 5-14) \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d5\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7, \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd (\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd (\u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0:<\/p>\n<p>\u10e3\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db 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\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u2013 \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u2013 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc, XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u2013 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d4\u10d6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d5\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0:<\/strong>\u00a0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 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\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da-\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da-\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e5\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>2. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0:\u00a0<strong>\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8, XIV-XV \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd (\u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 2003: 260-271, 276-280). \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d7\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u00a0<strong>XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0: XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1? \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd:<\/p>\n<p>\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u2013 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd, \u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc (\u10e8\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1979: 192). \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d8\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 &#8220;\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4&#8221; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1:<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u2013 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10d8\u10e1 (1510-1565 \u10ec\u10ec.) \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1992: 57-93).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0:<\/strong>\u00a0XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d0\u10db \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d8\u10db \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4, \u10d8\u10db \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8:<\/p>\n<p>1. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd;<\/p>\n<p>2. \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e11535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0;<\/p>\n<p>3. \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 I \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 XVI \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 I \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 II \u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd: \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ed\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10d6\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u2013 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd, \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. XII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d4-\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. XIII \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10da-\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0. \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10ef\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10da-\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u2013 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8. XIV-XV \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10da-\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1\u10ef\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ed\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e3\u10d6\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ec\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd-\u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10ea. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1960: 100-109; \u10d9\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 2002: 217-219, 221, 225, 229-230, \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8; \u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4 2003: 277-280).<\/p>\n<p>\u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1: \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10e9\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4 \u10db\u10e1\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1535 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 III (1515-1535 \u10ec\u10ec.) \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d3\u10dd. \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 III \u10e2\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4, \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd III (1545-1573 \u10ec\u10ec.) \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1536 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u2013 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3, 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0. 1543 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4-\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10dd\u10da\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10e7\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10d0. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0. 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0, \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd III \u10d0\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10ec\u10d8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0(\u10d2\u10e3\u10e9\u10e3\u10d0 1973: 104, 106-17; \u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1976: 29-39; \u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1989: 33-40; \u10e0\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 1992: 66-68). \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ec\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3, \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10ea, \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 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\u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u2013 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 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\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u2013 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1\u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 &#8220;\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4&#8221; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 &#8220;\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e7\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4&#8221; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u2013 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7.<\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0:<\/p>\n<p>\u10d5\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10ed\u10d5\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd III-\u10db \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3, \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d4, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e7\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10ea\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d3\u10d0;<\/p>\n<p>2. 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III-\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d8\u10de\u10e7\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 1535-1536 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 1460-\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0;<\/p>\n<p>3. 1535\/1536-1545 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7, \u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0-\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8;<\/p>\n<p>4. 1545 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd III-\u10db \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2 III \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e5\u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ec\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10d4\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd, \u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8220;\u10d7\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 (\u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4), \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db \u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10dd\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":112413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3","category-2","category-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112412"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":112414,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112412\/revisions\/112414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}