{"id":145974,"date":"2025-07-02T21:52:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T17:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/?p=145974"},"modified":"2025-07-02T21:52:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T17:52:45","slug":"%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%97%e1%83%a3-%e1%83%90%e1%83%a0%e1%83%90-%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9c%e1%83%a2%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a4%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a0%e1%83%9d-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/archives\/145974","title":{"rendered":"\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u201e\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u201c \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u201e\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u201c \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u201e\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u201c (\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd, \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0440\u043e) \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d7.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea 1836 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u201e\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u201c-\u10e1 &#8211; \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0440\u0430 (*1). \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 1835 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 &#8211; \u201e\u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044a \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044a \u0438 \u0440\u0463\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0420\u0456\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u044a \u0412\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0441\u044a \u0418\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0454\u044e ; \u043a\u044a \u042e\u0433\u0443 \u0441\u044a \u041a\u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u044a \u0410\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u044a \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 , \u043e\u0442\u044a \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0445\u044a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0463\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044a \u0410\u0445\u0430\u043b\u0446\u0438\u0445\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445\u044a \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044a, \u0438 \u0440\u0463\u0447\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0440\u043e\u044e; \u043a\u044a \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0443, \u0441\u044a \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u044a \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044a.\u201c (*2). \u10d3\u10e3\u10d1\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 (*3) \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd &#8211; \u201e\u0413\u0443\u0440\u0456\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u044a \u043d\u0430 \u044e\u0433\u0463 \u043a\u044a \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0456\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u044a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0463\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u044a \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u044a \u0440\u0443\u0447\u044c\u0435\u043c\u044a \u0427\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044e (\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0440\u043e\u044e)\u201c.<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 &#8220;\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0&#8221;, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 &#8220;\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd&#8221; \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd-\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10d2\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e1 &#8211; &#8220;\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0-\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\/\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3-\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0 (\u10d0.\u10d7). \u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd.\u201c \u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e6\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 (*3).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ea\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u201e\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201c \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; &#8220;\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4: \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 (\u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8, \u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4. \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0, \u10e5\u10dd\u10d1. \u10e0.), \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd (\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4.\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e9. \u10e0.)&#8230; \u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8 (\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0. \u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8) \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d5\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 (\u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0. \u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10d0) \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd (\u10dd(\u10dc)-\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4-\u10e3) \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u201e\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u201c, \u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10e1. \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d4\u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d9\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d4\u10ec\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd \u10f0\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10e8\u10d8\u10d0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e9\u10ee\u10e3\u10db\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea.&#8221; (*4)<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n1841 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1) \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5-\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1 (\u10e5\u10dd\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1) \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 (\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e6\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0). \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10d5\u10dc\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d9\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea, \u10d0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 1841 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1. \u10f0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ea\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10db \u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 1841 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e9\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd 1841-1878 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 (*6-*7-*8).<br \/>\n.<br \/>\n\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd:<br \/>\n*1. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041d\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044e (\u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0463\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0456\u044f; 1838 \u0433. \u041d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c;)<br \/>\n*2. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0435 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f &#8211; \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044a \u041e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044a \u0415\u0432\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0456\u0439. 1835 \u0433.<br \/>\n*3. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0463 &#8211; \u041d. \u0414\u0443\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 1871 \u0433.<br \/>\n*4. \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10db\u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10dc\u10d4 N2 &#8211; \u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0 \u201e\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8\u201c (2019)<br \/>\n*5. \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 I I (2007 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10d8);<br \/>\n*6. \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437 1875 \u0433. \u2116 66 &#8211; \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0441\u044a \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0435\u044e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0445\u044a, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u044a \u0413\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 &#8211; \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435 \u041e\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0443 \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0443\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044a 1841 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443;<br \/>\n*7. \u10d7\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e7\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 1950<br \/>\n*8. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u044e \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0435\u044e: \u0420\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043d.-\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0431\u0443 \u0433\u0435\u043d. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u0442 20-\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1841 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, N843. \u2013 \u0421\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e (\u0422\u0438\u0444\u043b\u0438\u0441, 1884. &#8211; \u0422. 9, \u0427. I. 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