{"id":10838,"date":"2021-01-24T16:23:21","date_gmt":"2021-01-24T12:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/?p=10838"},"modified":"2021-01-24T16:23:21","modified_gmt":"2021-01-24T12:23:21","slug":"%e1%83%92%e1%83%a3%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%94%e1%83%a6%e1%83%95%e1%83%98%e1%83%9c%e1%83%94%e1%83%9d%e1%83%91%e1%83%90-%e1%83%9c%e1%83%90%e1%83%ac%e1%83%a7%e1%83%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/archives\/10838","title":{"rendered":"\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u00a0\u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 &#8211; \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u201e\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u201c (1875 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10db\u10d0)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/strong> \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 1928 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 59080 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e3 30 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10e2\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4-\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc; \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u00a0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ed\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1,\u00a0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10db\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10de\u10dd\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u00ad\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8:<\/strong>\u00a0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0-\u10d7\u10d8\u10ee\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1; \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d5\u10ee\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d8\u10ee\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d8\u10ea.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8:<\/strong> \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10db\u10d0. \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10ea\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4-\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0: <\/strong>\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d7\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u201e\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u201c-\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1, \u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 (Diospyrus Lotus), \u10ec\u10d0\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10e1,\u00a0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc 5-7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db \u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4 \u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10ee\u10d4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1-\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10ec\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ed\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8: \u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3, \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 (Oidium) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u00a0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: <\/strong>\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1) \u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 &#8211; \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7, \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 (\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7); \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1. 2) \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0 &#8211; \u10ec\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7; 3) \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc-\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 &#8211; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10ea\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7; \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1; 4) \u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 &#8211; \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10ea\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0-\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7; \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1; 5) \u10ed\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0 &#8211; \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7; 6) \u10db\u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d4\u10ee\u10d0; \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: 7) \u10d6\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 &#8211; \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7; 8) \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 &#8211; \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e2\u10d9\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d7; 9) \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7; 10) \u10d7\u10d4\u10d7\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8; \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u201e\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u201c \u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p>1854 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 Oldium Tukeri -\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd (\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc) \u10d4\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10eb\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u201e\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u201c, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea\u00a0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u00a0 \u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u00a0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8<\/strong>: \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 4500 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc 1:3-\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0 (\u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 1:2 -\u10d6\u10d4\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 860 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10e1 2000 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0);<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-10839\" src=\"https:\/\/guriismoambe.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8-\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"477\" height=\"304\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0:<\/strong> \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10ea \u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3: 1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 15 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10ed\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 (\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd) \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d3, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10d3 \u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc; 15 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 30 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10da\u10d0\u10d3; 1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd. \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e9\u10dc\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 300-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 400 \u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4, \u10d0\u10db\u10df\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 20 \u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 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\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10db \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10eb\u10d4\u10d1\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 200 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d6\u10d4\u10ea \u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10d1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10e8\u10d8 1854 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc (900 \u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8) \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 40-70 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 (75-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 131 \u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd) \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1 50-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 80 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 (93 \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 150 \u10d5\u10d4\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4). \u10d8\u10db \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd &#8211; 2 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 &#8211; 1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 30 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p>1954 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1870 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc 27-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 45 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 48-\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 60 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. 1870 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10ea\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 9 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 25 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd (1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd &#8211; \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 12-13 \u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8). \u10d7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d0\u10dd \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 2 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 (\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d8\u10d7) \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 (1875 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1) \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1 6 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10da\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea 1 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 30 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 3 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 70 \u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p>\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10eb\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10ed\u10dc\u10d4\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8 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\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0:<\/strong> 1) <strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e1<\/strong> \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d0, \u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10ef\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10ee\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1. \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10dd\u10ee\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4. \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc-\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8; 2) <strong>\u10da\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 &#8211; \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d8\u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10da \u10da\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d0 &#8211; \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8; 3) <strong>\u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> 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\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 (1853-1856 \u10ec\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8), \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10e1 \u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 90 000 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e5\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8 1836 \u10ec\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 38 000 \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 1853 \u10ec\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10d3\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10df\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10ea, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dd \u10ef\u10d0\u10db\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e6\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u201e\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u201c \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10db\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u00a0\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1 \u10d7\u10e5\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 1854 \u10ec\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10da \u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u00a0 \u10ec\u10e7\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u00a0 \u10e3\u10ea\u10d4\u10d1 \u10db\u10eb\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d3\u10d0, \u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10e0\u10eb\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ea\u10dd\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10f0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10ea \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 (\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd) \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u10db\u10dd\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u10d6\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 1928 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